[q] the most general form of a measure's validity [textentry] [c] construct validity; construct [a] Yes, making a case for a measure's reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity are all just part of making the case for a measure's construct validity. [c]* [a] Sorry, the correct answer is construct validity.

[q] showing that you are NOT measuring a related construct [textentry] [c] discriminant validity [a] Yes, you were right. We need to make sure we do not think we are measuring one construct when we are really measuring another. [c]* [a] No, the correct answer is discriminant validity.

[q] not affected by random error[textentry] [c] reliable [a] Right! Reliability is different from validity [c]* [a] No, remember that reliability is different from validity.

[q]the worst kind of measurement error [textentry] [c] bias [a] Good job. Bias poisons validity. [c]* [a] No, bias is much worse than random error. Bias can come from many sources.

[q] answers to questions on a test correlate with each other if this is high[textentry] [c] internal consistency [a] Yes, internal consistency, whether measured by inter-item correlations, Cronbach's alpha, or split half reliability, measures the degree to which the questions seem to all be measuring the same thing. [c] internal validity [a] No, internal validity has nothing to do with construct validity. [c]* [a] Sorry, the correct answer is the internal consistency.

[q] making responses anonymous reduces this problem[textentry] [c] social desirability bias; social desirability [a] Yes, social desirability bias involves doing or saying something to impress the researcher--and participants cannot impress the researcher if the researcher will not know what they did. [c]demand characteristics [a]No, anonymous participants could still try to prove the hypothesis. [c]* [a] social desirability bias is the term we were looking for.

[q] clues about what the hypothesis is that may make the participant act in a way to help the researcher prove that hypothesis [textentry] [c] demand characteristics [a] Yes, many participants want to help the researcher prove the hypothesis. [c]* [a] The right answer is demand characteristics.

[q] this type of measurement may raise ethical questions but can reduce both social desirability bias and bias due to obeying demand characteristics [textentry] [c] unobtrusive; unobtrusive measurement [a] Well done! If participants do not know that what they do is being seen, they are unlikely to fake their responses to either impress the researcher or try to support the researcher's hypothesis. [c]* [a] You should have said unobtrusive

[q] a type of validity that is especially useful for making the case for the validity of a test of skills or knowledge [textentry] [c] content validity; content [a] Yes, although based more on the subjective impressions of experts than techniques that correlate measures against other measures or behaviors, content validity can be useful for making the case that a measure has construct validity. [c]* [a] Sorry, the correct answer is content validity.

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